In the 2016 Rate-of-Return Reform Order, the Federal Communications Commission imposed a strict budget control mechanism over the $2 billion rate-of-return portion of the total $4.5 billion universal service high-cost fund. However, the fixed USF budget will result in a shortfall of support estimated at $173 million over the next 12 months. A recent survey conducted by NTCA—The Rural Broadband Association shows that rural broadband providers have already decided to roll back network investment over the next 12 months because of reduced USF support.